Effects of endosulfan pdf

Many more have been poisoned in neighbouring state karnataka. Endosulfan also imitates or enhances the effect of the female hormone estrogen. Neurological effects of endosulfan neurotoxicity of endosulfan is the primary effect observed both acutely and chronically in both humans and animals. Endosulfan is an insecticide used to kill a wide variety ofinsects infesting a range of crops. Fcm was introduced by bart kosko in 1986 in this paper we study to identify the effects of using endosulfan which leads to most dangerous side effects in human. The disappearance of endosulfan sulfate was due to both abiotic processes and biodegradation 1. Exposure to endosulfan can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Endosulfan is subject to longrange atmospheric transport, i. Endosulfan is one of the organochlorine pesticides. However, when the relative mortality by sex was analyzed, this insecticide caused higher percentages of female mortality than those observed in the control treatment. One of the most severe tragedies because of endosulfan. Moreover focus has been made on the effect of endosulfan on ovary, hormones, enzymes, dna damage and apoptosis. The health effects of endosulfan depend on how much endosulfan you are exposed to and the length of that exposure. Endosulfan is manufactured and distributed in india by hindustan fertilizers limited.

Index for endosulfan pc code 079401 pesticides us epa. Incidence of acute and chronic toxicity with endosulfan poisoning has been reported, and nearly 80 countries have banned its use. The supreme court has described side effects of endosulfan, a highly toxic agrochemical pesticide as devastating. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact atsdr at. The government estimates 710 people had died due to ill effects of aerial spraying of endosulfan in cashew plantations in 4,696 hectares in the northern district from 1976 to 2000. In the meantime there is an almost unmanageable number of data available, dealing with ecotoxicity, environmental fate, residues in food and feedstuff, and environmental concentrations of that substance. The department of health and human services dhhs, the international agency for research on cancer iarc. The following chronic longterm health effects can occur at some time after exposure to endosulfan sulfate and can last for months or years. Sold under trade names thionex, endocil, phaser, benzoepin. Ameliorating effect of vitamin c on murine sperm toxicity induced by three pesticides endosulfan, phosphamidon and mancozeb. The epa, declaring that endosulfan is unsafe for farm workers, moves to ban one of the last organochlorine pesticides left. Endosulfan, beta fact sheet us epa archive document. The major metabolite of endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, is also persistent.

The effects of endosulfan on human mcf7 breast cancer. Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of kasaragod villages the. But the pesticide and fertilizer industries were very fast to refuse the studies. The problem of endosulfan by jutta hammer, alexandra baier and susanne smolka allround insecticides with many side effects endosulfan was used as an active ingredient in many pesticides as early as 1956. Endosulfan in drinkingwater world health organization. Therefore, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between environmental endosulfan exposure and reproductive development in. Pdf effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb. Thus, it occurs in many environmental compartments. A 2year study in beagle dogs was conducted by fmc 1967 and a 1year study was. Endosulfan to be banned, pesticide poses unacceptable risks.

Sexrelated difference in the toxicities of endosulfan acute toxicity studies have indicated that female rats are more highly susceptible than males to the lethal effects of endosulfan gaines, 1969. It has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Short and longterm effects of endosulfan, cypermethrin. Use of endosulphan in kasaragod distric, kerala, india ejatlas. Endosulfan, beta is one form of another substance called endosulfan. It effects humans, animals and aquatic life and its very difficult to remove it from the food chain. Here endosulfan was aerially sprayed on the cashew plantations at. Effect of endosulfan on male reproductive development.

Effects of endosulfan on human beings submitted in partial fulfilment of the environmental studies course zz301z for the award of the bachelor of technology degree from national institute of technology, calicut. Endosulfan, alpha fact sheet us epa archive document. Breathing endosulfan can irritate the nose and throat. Endosulfan sulfate is included with its two parents. Endosulfan has been used globally as a pesticide since the 1950s to control a variety of insects including whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, colorado potato beetles, and cabbage worms. Both endosulfan isomers undergo photolysis upon exposure to sunlight.

Breathing, eating or drinking high doses of endosulfan can cause convulsions shaking violently and death. Jun 10, 2010 endosulfan to be banned, pesticide poses unacceptable risks, epa says. H i g h l y h a z a r d o u s p e s t i c i d e s endosulfan. Can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere, but the compound is relatively immobile in soils. Large amounts of endosulfan can be found in surface water near areas of application. Assessment of the fate and effects of endosulfan on aquatic ecosystems adjacent to agricultural fields planted with tomatoes. Michael golding department of veterinary physiology and pharmacology. There is experimental evidence of adverse effects of endosulfan on the male reproductive system, but there are no human data. Pdf endosulfan is a globally used pesticide which causes a great threat to the balance of the environment. Comparison of neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan on biochemical changes of brain tissues in javanese medaka oryzias javanicus and zebrafish danio rerio nurul farhana ramlan 1, noraini abu bakar 1, emmellie laura albert 2,3, syaizwan zahmir zulkifli1, syahida ahmad4, mohammad noor amal azmai1,5, che.

Apr 22, 2011 the spraying of endsosulfan in the cashew plantations of stateowned plantation corporation of kerala caused a disaster on the biodiversity of the area, a study by the dr. Numerous test results on effects of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate on fish and. Endosulfan is an insecticide that is applied extensively to coffee, tea, and cotton crops, among others. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects warning hazardous to the aquatic environment, longterm hazard information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. Technical grade endosulfan is a diastereomeric mixture of two biologically active isomers. It has directed kerala government to release entire rs. Chronic effects of endosulfan on reproductive performance and development of the rat was determined through continuously administered, dietary concentrations of 0. However, the activists estimated that the death perhaps is much more. In the environment, endosulfan is metabolically converted by microorganisms, plants, and animals to endosulfan sulfate, endo sulfandiol, endosulfan ether, endosulfan hydroxyether, and endo. Endosulfan is persistent and bioaccumulates in the environment endosulfan is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and persistent to degradation processes in the environment. Effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb in combination with atrazine on multibiomarkers in gammarus kischineffensis article pdf available in ecotoxicology and environmental safety. There is a significant paucity of research on the fate, transport and environmental effects of endosulfan sulfate. The effects of endosulfan on human mcf7 breast cancer cells. It may also be found in surface water at very low concentrations and can be detected in the air at minute levels.

The author explored the toxicity of this pesticide. Endosulfan, alpha is one form of another substance called endosulfan. Endosulfan also increased the damage by promoting erroneous repair of the broken dna strands. For each chemical contaminant or substance considered, a lead. Pdf short and longterm effects of endosulfan, cypermethrin. Endosulfan is an offpatent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally. The study of endosulfan effects showed larger abnormality such as mental retardation, cancer and infertility in the victims. Endosulfan, an organochlorine oc insecticide, is a widely used agricultural pesticide, despite its life threatening toxic effects. Saltwater chronic tests have been conducted on one in vertebrate and one fish species.

Endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan were found in high concentrations in india and along the pacific rim due to its high use in rice cultivation1. Endosulfan s endocrine disrupting properties also increase the risk of breast cancer in humans. Endosulfan iii update statement toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary, but no less than once every three years. Dec 14, 2017 endosulfan is known to be highly toxic to small animals, birds, fish, bees and many other insects. The effects of endosulphan on the aquatic life as well as on humans were also discussed. Pdf analysis of effects of endosulfan using fcms best. Chronic effects of endosulfan on reproductive performance and development of the rat was determined through continuously administered, dietary concentrations of 0 control, 3, 15, and 75 ppm. Tests with methoxyfenozide and spinosad showed no significant effects on survival of exposed. Other poisonings are reported from indonesia, philippines, sudan.

The chemical is semivolatile and persistent to degradation processes in the environment. Endosulfan is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide of the cyclodiene subgroup which acts as a contact poison in a wide variety of insects and mites. In the present study, we investigated the effects of endosulfan on human vascular endothelial cells. A 2year study in nmri mice was conducted by hoechst 1988b and the results were later published as hack et al. Environmental effects released in to the environment as a result of its use as an insecticide. Endosulfan to be banned, pesticide poses unacceptable. Endosulfan is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. However, it is unknown whether endosulfan causes endothelial dysfunction. In raw river water at room temperature and exposed to light,both. The effects of warfarin and alpha endosulfan on the thyroid hormone response element half site dr4. Since endosulfan, alpha has the same chemical structure as endosulfan, much of the information included in this fact sheet is based on the information available for endosulfan.

Hazard summary endosulfan can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. Documented human data have shown the central nervous system to be the major target of endosulfan action silva, 2007. Nov, 2009 environmental effects released in to the environment as a result of its use as an insecticide. Public health statement for endosulfan agency for toxic substances. Signs and symptoms of poisoning early manifestations of poisoning by some organochlorine pesticides, particularly. The central nervous system is the primary target affected by exposure to endosulfan. The technical product must contain at least 94 % endosulfan in accord with specifications of the food and agricultural. Endosulfan to be banned, pesticide poses unacceptable risks, epa says. In its commercial form, endosulfan is composed of two stereoisomers. Endosulfan did not cause any detrimental effects on total survival of c. Endosulfan sulfate is a product of oxidation containing one extra o atom attached to the s atom.

According to the international chemical safety card by the international programme on chemical safety, people who are exposed by inhalation, skin exposure, or ingestion to endosulfan can have following symptoms. Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is used extensively across the world to kill insects. Similar effects have been produced in rats, including behavioral effects, seizures anand, 1980, tremors, excessive salivation, and hyperexcitability dikshith et al, 1984. Fuzzy cognitive maps fcms are fuzzy graph structures representing casual reasoning. Erroneous repair would lead to undesirable genome level changes leading to genomic instability, which. Inhibition of cell growth and induction of inflammation by. Jan 21, 2015 the health effects of endosulfan depend on how much endosulfan you are exposed to and the length of that exposure. Apr 18, 2011 the study of endosulfan effects showed larger abnormality such as mental retardation, cancer and infertility in the victims. It is unlikely that endosulfan will cause reproductive effects in humans at expected exposure levels. Endosulfan is known to be highly toxic to small animals, birds, fish, bees and many other insects. Studies of occupational and environmental exposure of humans have not provided conclusive evidence that endosulfan can cause cancer. However, it is still being used in many lowincomemiddleincome countries. Endosulfan is readily absorbed by humans via the stomach, lungs and through the skin. Als environmental does not sell chemicals, but offers analytical lab testing to determine the presence of various elements and chemical compounds.

It looks like a browncolored crystal and has an odor like turpentine. Buy high purity a endosulfan analytical standards from chem service inc. In water, endosulfan undergoes hydrolysis to endosulfan diol. Risks of endosulfan use to federally threatened california. Chronic health effects the following chronic longterm health effects can occur at some time after exposure to endosulfan and can last for. A white paper on the report on the visit of the expert team constituted by the kerala agriculture university for investigating the environmental effects of aerial sprayed endosulfan on cashew plantations in perla area of kasargod district. Endosulfan sulfate degraded in four soils, a pliocene sand, an organicrich orchard soil, an agricultural soil and soil from a volcanic area, with a halflife in each of 164, 157, 150, and 4 days, respectively 2. Recognition and management of pesticide poisonings. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaracide used to control a broad range of insect and arthropod pests on a wide variety of crops in many agrosystems. It is used primarily on food crops like tea, fruits, vegetables and on grains. It can cause headache, fainting, foaming at the mouth, agitation, repeated convulsions of an epilepticlike nature, incontinence, impaired consciousness, breathing difficulty, cyanosis, malaise, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, weakness, confusion. Limited information is available regarding the effects of endosulfan in humans and animals after inhalation exposure. Usepa benthic invertebrate risk assessment for endosulfan prepared for.

Environmental monitoring data suggest that any endosulfan levels the public might encounter through direct contact or through water, soil, or food are generally low, much lower than animal study levels. What are the health effects of exposure to endosulfan, alpha. The two isomers, endo and exo, are known popularly as i and ii. Other regions with detectable amounts of endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan were scandanavia, the united states, england, southern australia, and south africa1. Therefore, we undertook a study to examine the relationship between environmental endosulfan exposure and reproductive development in male children and adolescents. In addition, there was a down regulation of rank and upregulation of rankl gene. Many cotton farmers have died in west africa, especially benin, senegal, mali and togo. Comparison of neurotoxic effects of ethanol and endosulfan. Data on the bioconcentration of endosulfan by saltwater organisms are available for two fish species. Toxicological profile for endosulfan agency for toxic substances. March 1985 degradation of dislodgeable foliar residues of endosulfan on chinese cabbage pdf march 1977 decay of endosulfan thiodan residue on leaves of strawberry plants in monterey county, california pdf july 1976 a study of the decay rates of ethylmethyl parathion and endosulfan applied as a foliar spray to a tomato field. Endosulfan can cause headache, dizziness, muscle weakness, depression and confusion. Cancer hazard according to the information presently available to the new jersey department of health and senior services, endosulfan sulfate has not been tested for its ability to cause cancer in animals. Since endosulfan, beta has the same chemical structure as endosulfan, much of the information included in this fact sheet is based on the information available for endosulfan.